Compromise Essay

Prior to the 1820’s, the people of the United States had been struggling to find a way to solve their sectional tensions brought on by slavery in the south. The south had always had an economy based on agriculture that could not strive without their uses of slavery. They did not plan on ending slavery anytime soon, especially since it was really all they had to support themselves. They were against establishing an industrial based economy like the north had began to do in the 1820-1830’s.The real cause of the sectional tensions between the North and the South during the 1820’s-1860’s was not slavery itself, but how it affected each society so differently, and it was very challenging to find a compromise to suit both sides. Taking a step back, the political compromises that were created during 1820-1861 were not effective towards reducing sectional tensions across the nation. Starting in 1819, there was an equal balance of slave and free states in the Unite d States. Until Missouri wanted to be admitted into the Union as a slave state, leaving the slave states at 12 and the free states at 11.If only Missouri was admitted into the United States, it would move slavery farther more into the Northern section of the United States, which is what Northern reformers were afraid of. The debate on adding Missouri as a slave state continued to inspire violent petitions in the North. Until later that year, Henry Clay submitted the Missouri compromise, which stated that Missouri would be added as a slave state along with Maine as a free state, to keep the ratio of free and slave states equal.The Northern boundary of slavery was set at 36?30? and this compromise would keep the argument over slavery settled for a few years. One day in the Supreme Court, a case was brought in called the Dred Scott v. Stanford. Dred Scott and his master had lived in the Wisconsin free territory of the United states, which is why Dred Scott was trying to gain his freedo m. The Supreme Court began with the ruling that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories. And lastly, the Court declared that the rights of slave-owners were constitutionally protected by the Fifth Amendment because slaves were bought by owners, labeling them as property. In the North, antislavery supporters were outraged by the outcome of the Dred Scott case, strengthening the newly submitted Republican Party and helping ignite the violence between slave-owners and abolitionists on the frontier. The Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional under the laws made in the Dred Scott v. Stanford Supreme Court Case in 1857.The case gave Northerners a reason to fear Southern slave power. It left the nation indecisive on the actions it should take to replenish the nation of what it needs to settle the sectional tensions in which were causing our country to fall apart. With the increased sectional tensions left untouched after the Missouri Compromise, California wants in as a free state. Again, Henry Clay suggests an idea to keep from the occurrence of another uprising like the one after the Missouri Compromise. The Compromise of 1850 had something to offer for the North and the South.The Compromise would allow California to become a free state, as a benefit for the North. It would also ban the selling of slaves in Washington D. C. , another benefit to the North. To make the south happy, it strengthened fugitive slave laws and settled the organizational details of the territories gained in the war with Mexico. New Mexico and Utah would be decided by popular sovereignty. The Fugitive Slave law became an issue in the North because they did not want to support any form of slavery no matter what. The nation did not want to settle.Each side thought that the advantages for the opposing side in the Compromise of 1850 were better than their own advantages. They were not willing to compromise. Northerners felt that this Compromise should strictly be about the territories, not about slave laws, and that is what led to the failure of the Compromise of 1850. Neither side was willing to settle for what the compromise had to offer. It sparked more sectional tensions across the nation than ever before. Starting with a new debate, the next step that the United States needed to take was to choose a way newly added states would be decided as slave or free.When Kansas and Nebraska asked to join as states, the decision was to allow the two states to decide for themselves whether they wanted to allow slavery or not, although these territories were above the 36?30? line. By the early 1850s, settlers wanted to move into the free area which is now known as Nebraska. The southern states' representatives in Congress were in no hurry to permit a Nebraska territory because the land lay north of the 36 °30 †² parallel, which is where slavery had been outlawed by the Missouri Compromise of 1820.The Kansas- Nebraska Act was possibly the most important event leading up to the civil war and was proposed by Stephan Douglas. He proposed that Nebraska should be made into a territory and to win support from the south he proposed the issue of another southern state, which would be Kansas. He would be able to build a transcontinental railroad that would be able to go through Chicago. The Kansas- Nebraska Act allowed each territory to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty. Kansas with slavery would go against the Missouri Compromise, which had sewed the Union together for more than 30 years.The Missouri compromise was eventually repealed by the Kansas- Nebraska Act and even though the opposition was of the majority, the bill passed in May of 1854. Territory north of the 36 °30†² line was now open to popular sovereignty, which set off the North. Also, every c ompromise has an effect politically, especially the Kansas- Nebraska Act. This act split the Whig party since every Northern Whig opposed the bill and almost every southern Whig voted for it. With the issue of slaver on everybody mind, the two new separate parties could never agree.The southern Whigs had become the Democratic Party and the Northern Whigs became the Republican Party, with Abraham Lincoln as a big influence. The Kansas- Nebraska Act had a very negative effect on the sectional tensions for it split the Whig party into the northern Republicans and the Southern Democrats. It also made the people of the north and south angrier than ever before. This would be the last compromise that they didn’t completely retaliate against each other during, due to their sectional tensions. Even after all of their attempts of compromise, none of them gave each section enough for them to settle with.It only caused the nation to grow further and further apart and it only increased th eir sectional tensions to a point where something needed to be done before the union fell apart completely and a Civil War would begin. Unfortunately, Lincoln decided that he could not risk this Union crumbling, and was forced to go to war with what are now known as the Confederates. The political compromises did anything but reduce the sectional tensions during the years of 1820-1861 because in the end, they caused our nation to disband, and a Civil War to begin.

A Small Place

Jamaica Kincaid's A Small Place focuses on her cynical views toward politics, poverty and tourism in Antigua. Kincaid begins by telling the readers about the island's natural beauty: the sunny sky and warm weather, and the picturesque nature.  Ã‚   She then, encourages the reader to look beneath the island's beauty to discover and get to know the real state of the people and their culture.The reader is addressed as you all throughout the book.   Kincaid would like the reader to understand the people's poverty and their culture, which is highly influenced by the English colonizers, and the political system riddled with corruption.   She challenges the reader to look beyond the natural beauty of the island to discover and acknowledge its ugly side.   All throughout the book, the author's opinions, views, criticisms and comments regarding these three issues are apparent.The author's narrative is laced with bitterness and sarcasm, particularly when relating about the island's col onial pasta and the present's dependence on tourism as a source of income.   Kincaid's tone changes when she recalls memories that are precious to her as a child.   But predominantly, she writes with indignation.This paper will discuss Kincaid's narrative and criticism against tourism, poverty, and politics through the book's content, setting, theme, major characters, and symbolism.ContentA Small Place is not strictly divided into titled sections.   Instead, there are four untitled sections that tackle different aspects.   In the first section, the narration was about being a hypothetical tourist in Antigua, the author's birthplace.   Antigua is then described as an island of great, natural beauty.As a tourist, you only see the beautiful sights and the positive aspects of the people and the island.   You don't program your mind to think of the natives other than the usual warm and welcoming hosts, and as the people to serve your needs.The narrative in this section is lac ed with insider knowledge, often about the harsh reality that a tourist doesn't see.   These include the poverty of the people, the corruption and unlawful activities of some of the islands mansion owners who Kincaid claims are drug lords, and references to why most of the cars in the island are Japanese made.   This section ends at the hotel and the author's opinion about a tourist's moral ugliness.In the next chapter, the author brings back memories of the â€Å"old† island, which she described as a colony of Great Britain.   The author highlights the racism in the island and how the locals loved the English culture.   One of this section's main points is the author's derision against the fuss the people made over Princess Margaret's visit when Kincaid was just a child.The colonial mentality of the Antiguans was criticized.   For the Antiguans, the author says, bad behavior is not bad so long as it was an Englishman who committed it.   At the end of the section, the author relates colonialism to the present impoverished state of Antigua.It was in the second section that Kincaid asked â€Å"why people like her can't forget the past†?   She calls the reader's attention to the British colonial system, and condemns the human trading in the past.   Her ancestors, she said, were dragged to Antigua as chained slaves.   According to Kincaid, slavery will never be forgotten because institutional reminders remained in the island.   The Barclays bank is an example of trading firm that made its fortunes from bartering humans like they were goods.After amassing wealth through the sale of slaves, the Barclays went into banking and continues to be prosperous up until the present.   What's more ironic to Kincaid is the fact that Barclays is a major financial institution in Antigua that provides loans and fundings to the descendants of the slaves they traded years ago.   While the slaves made them rich, it is their descendants who are ma king Barclays continue to be rich.

Bad Odor and Bio-filtration Solutions

Bad Odor and Bio-filtration Solutions Mikhail Kachmazo v UQ: How have microbes solved a local or global problem? The specific problem or issue: Sewage and industrial plants situated near residential areas can produce unpleasant odors making it difficult to live there. Explain the problem: The sewage plants near residential areas can be a subject to the social and environmental problems if these facilities produce unpleasant odors. The causes of the odors are generally the inorganic and volatile organic compounds which result from bio filtration and from the sewer of industrial waste. There are different types of volatile organic compounds that are emitted as a result of bio filtration like 2-butanone, ÃŽ ±-pinene, tetrachloroethylene, dimethyl disulfide, ÃŽ ²-pinene, limonene, phenol and benzoic acid. One of the main culprits for the bad odor are sulphur compounds which are relatively less in concentration but play significant role in odor causing factors.[5] Explain how science is helping, or has helped, to solve t he problem: Bad odor from sewage water is a major environmental issue worldwide. Bad odor from sewage water is an indicator of possible health risk therefore governments spend a lot of money on treating the sewage water and unpleasant odor. Science has played a major role in solving this problem biologically as well as chemically. Following are several methods to treat sewage water and odor from this water. Bio filtration Thermal Oxidation Chemical Thermal oxidation burns the odor causing compounds directly or indirectly. Bio filtration on the other hand oxidizes the odor causing compounds by using microbes. Microbes like Pseudomonas Putida that are used in this technique have been significant in treating sewage water and bad odor in an efficient, safe and inexpensive way. [4] How it works: Bio-filtration is quite an innovative technology to control pollutants. It helps to eliminate malodorous gas emissions and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of low concentrations. The mos t common design of a bio-filter is just an ordinary big box. Some of them can be very big, others can be quite small. A bio-filter’s main function is to bring microorganisms together with pollutants in an air stream. The bio-filter which has the breeding material for the microorganisms is placed inside the box. The â€Å"biofilm†, which is a layer of moisture where the microorganisms live, can be found around the particles of filter media. When the bio-filtration process takes place, the operators pump the polluted stream of air through the bio-filter, so that the filter media absorbs the pollutants. The bio-filter diffuses the contaminated gas and sends it onto the biofilm that absorbs it. The pollutants are then degraded by the microorganisms. The metabolic products of this process are carbon dioxide and water as well as the produced energy. The chemical formula of this process caused by oxidation is: Volatile Organic Pollutant + O2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   CO2 + H2O + Heat + M icrobial Biomass [3] Effectiveness of this technique: This technique is very efficient and it has plenty of advantages over the traditional methods of pollutants. First of all, one of the major conditions for traditional methods is high temperature, however when it comes to bio-filtration the technicians can use low temperatures, thus the whole process becomes cost effective, because there are no costs of combustion. Moreover it is safer than traditional methods because combustion is a dangerous process. Secondly, the maintenance cost of bio-filtration is much lower than traditional methods. According to a research conducted by Pinchin Environmental Group Canada, this technology is more than 95% efficient and environmentally friendly because the whole process can be done in an absolutely natural way. [1]

Impact of Innovation on Economic Perfomance on Micro and Macro Level Essay

Impact of Innovation on Economic Perfomance on Micro and Macro Level - Essay Example This essay is one of the best examples of comprehensive theoretic analysis of the mechanism of the impact of technology changes on the competitiveness of a company or an entire economy of a country. The tighter and more competitive business environment is driving firms to innovate in order to maintain their existence as a market player. However, as more firms innovate, the struggle to maintain their share in the market in turn gets other firms to innovate, capturing everybody to be part of a complex economic cycle. A source of new technology is the society’s search for increased economic efficiency and a sincere desire to reduce the cost that it has to pay for the availability of goods. Whether the purpose of the technology is to improve its effective use of available natural resources or to increase or alter the supply of available resources, it has impacted what people buy (hence created new demand types), what they choose to do with their time (leading to new market for leisure events), what jobs are lost due to changes in the overall economic mix, and possibly the price of other goods that compete with the products, that were produced using new technology. Research, entrepreneurship, new start-ups, consolidation of businesses, interaction with other companies and financial markets create an environment that is conclusive to innovations. Novel trends in innovative activities are impacted by new technologies, modifications in the existing knowledge base, as well as changes in consumer needs.

Polis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polis - Essay Example However, by the 12th century BC, they started living as nomadic or sedentary tribes. By the 8th century BC, these tribes grew into political entities that revolved around trade and commerce. From here, the Polis was born, spurred on by the need for common protection and organization among these entities. The Polis was not a structure that was bound by territory as much as it was bound by political, religious, or tribal affiliation of the members. A polis would be composed of several tribes, or demes; foreigners, or metics; and slaves. Only the demes would be truly considered as citizens and would have the right to participate in the polis' government. The polis, being a small city-state (Sparta was the largest at only 3000 square miles), allowed for much political experimentation. At the beginning, various structures were employed by the Greek states - monarchies (rule by kings), oligarchies (rule by a few), timocracies (rule by the wealthy), tyrannies (rule by tyrants or usurpers) and democracies (rule by the people). The states adopted the structure that they saw most fit for the crises they encountered. One other advantage of a polis was its size. Since the polis was a small city-based entity, it was easier to manage, organize.

Analyse critically how research and practice developments can be Essay

Analyse critically how research and practice developments can be disseminated to enhance the quality of the student learning exp - Essay Example Evaluation is a process that examines a program in a critical manner (Danielson & McGreal 2005). Evaluation includes things such as looking for information and criticizing that information to ascertain the program activities and the results of those programs. The reason for evaluation is to identify whether a program is effective and if not, you look for areas where you can make improvements (Stephanie, 2010). Evaluation also helps when making decision about the program; it is often a synonym to assessment, but evaluation is more important because it enable the tracking of the student’s performance, hence informing of the need to change the approach of the current methods applied and having no positive results in students (Danielson & McGreal 2005). Evaluation is also a means of gathering information for the improvement of learning opportunities for the child. Research and practice development can therefore, be effectively disseminated to students through evaluation. It is eff ective to disseminate through evaluation because evaluation involves close monitoring and tracking of students. It also makes it easier to identify an area of weakness among the students hence making it possible to make corrections. Through evaluation you can make judgment on whether research and practice development is working out well with the student through constant examining (Danielson & McGreal 2005). ... the evaluator the feedback that will convince him beyond any reasonable doubt that the students have actually made progress (Danielson & McGreal, 2005). The student’s learning experience is an area that must be improved if learning has to be effective at any level and standard. Student learning experience will determine if a student will be able to learn effectively and be able to improve in its area of study (Macdonald 2002). Good learning experience is equal to good motivation for the students. Through a rigorous evaluation strategy, one will be able to examine the progress of the student at certain stages. These stages have a certain time limit so that after a certain stage, you can examine the progress of the student before going to another stage (Danielson & McGreal, 2005). It has to be rigid so that too much time is not wasted and that student knows that at a certain stage he will be evaluated. The rigorous evaluation also helps in comparing the progress of a student wit h previous students and drawing comparisons (Macdonald 2002). First, as a mentor, one should be fully aware of the role because it is them who determine whether a student will be registered as a nurse or not (Macdonald 2002). Student performance should be monitored continuously on the day-to-day basis. To ensure students are learning, mentor has to build confidence within the students themselves. They also have to develop a very good and professional relationship with the students. As a mentor, one should also be able to within a stipulated period, be able to provide feedback that is true, and always suggests for students where to make improvement (Ginny & Forrest, 2000). Mentor should provide the best supervision and being able to assist students in planned learning experience. They should

Marketing Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Strategies - Research Paper Example When the companies take the decision for expanding and diversifying their businesses across the national boundaries, it is important for them to take into consideration various factors that are important for the successful operation of the company on the international scale (Keegan and Green 2008). The focus is to formulate a strategy regarding the international operations of Algerian wine in the UK market. Algerian Wine is a wine that is made from a country of North Africa in Algeria and is among the renowned name in the history of wine. Algeria is known to be one of the oldest producers of wine in the world. For the Romans, Algeria is considered to be the breadbasket and vineyard throughout the history of viticulture starting from the Roman Empire. Algerian wines have been seen to prosper the world with constant prosperity because of the fact that they have their own unique characteristics. Algerian wines are produced in five major regions that include The MEDEA region, The ZACCCAR region, The DAHRA region, The MASCARA region, and The TLEMCEN region. The aim of the company is to export the Algerian Wine called Coteaux De Mascara from Algeria into the market of UK. Coteaux De Mascara is termed to be the red wine from the Atlas Mountains. This wine belongs to The MASCARA region. This region has been well renowned in terms of producing wines with distinguished features. The wines produced in this region are considered to be robust and well structured. They are of good colour, and consist of high level of alcohol up-to 14 percent. All the wines of Algeria are distinguished with taste of deep berry flavours and the fragrance of roses and raspberries. For the purpose of data collection, various scholarly journals and articles will be selected, which will help in retrieving adequate information in relation to the international marketing. Secondary data will be helpful in collection of adequate and authentic information.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 71

Assignment - Essay Example a for irradiation, check for computer setup to ensure correct calibration for correct doses and do the actual operation of the radiation machine (â€Å"Radiation Therapists†). The radiation therapist will also observe the patient for any signs of reactions following therapy and keeps records for their clients. Although interested candidates may be considered qualified after a year’s certificate program completion, most of the employers will preferentially hire candidates with an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in the field of radiation therapy. Radiation therapists should be Detail oriented. A radiation practitioner must be keen in following precise instructions and feed the machines with exact calibrations to ensure correct radiation dosing. They are also hypothetically supposed to have good interpersonal skills since they deal with patients who in most cases may be going through emotional and physical stress. Physical stamina comes as an added advantage since radiation therapists often have to stand for long hour and additionally aid in lifting and moving clients who require some assistance. Technical skills are a necessity since the also deal with large technological machines and computer. Being radiation therapist in most cases means you are on fulltime job. As such, it is often wise to leave somewhere near the work station. It is fully indoors and since radiations are booked prior, then there is need for a regular work schedule (â€Å"Radiation Therapists†) However, for anyone considering this line of work, most of the states will necessitate you to be registered to a professional board and have a valid license from regulatory bodies. Failure to uphold regulations of these bodies will often lead to cancellation of license making it hard to practice. The assignment made me realize that a profession is holistic. Being a radiation therapist will require good interpersonal skills to be able to deal with clienteles who are emotional beings. I discovered

Health Administarion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Health Administarion - Essay Example When the information is released publicly and available for scrutiny by various people, it improves the quality of the health care organization even more due to the lack of secrecy. It also enables trust to be built between the public and the health care organization staff which is necessary health care service deliveries (Green and Bowie, 34). With public release of such sensitive information, there is a likelihood of the privacy of the organization’s privacy being breached. This is especially so when the quality measurement data released is done so electronically due to the hacking into the systems once there results are made available to the general public. Privacy is important and especially concerning health records and hence breach is very risky (Green and Bowie, 108). The other risk is that the reception of the data may be the opposite of the expectation. If the quality measurement report is too superb and opposite of what is the reality in most health care organizations, the report may be jeered and the trust between the organization and the public ends up widening, hence the quality ends up dwindling even

The wholesale clothing Industry in the US Essay

The wholesale clothing Industry in the US - Essay Example But as the century approached its midpoint, more and more respectable Americans started to buy their clothes off the rack. This was especially true of men whose clothes were loosely fitted and not subject to the volatility of fashion as that of women (Soyer, 2005). During the 1830s, the textile industry became more established in America and machine-made clothes were made available to average households. The ready-made garment industry marked its beginning in America history in the early eighteenth century. The first clothing factory was established in 1831 in New York City. Ready-made clothing, however, remained a small part of the American garment production which was still dominated by home-made clothing. New York rapidly became the center for ready-made garment trade because of its regular shipping connections with southern states. The Civil War brought in demand for soldier's uniforms and this increased production and led to the introduction of standardized sizes. This period also marked a substantial technical change in the mode of manufacture of garments. Sewing machines were introduced into the manufacturing sector and the shift moved from manual to machine labor. This important technical innovation also paved way for mass production of clothing in the industry. Between 1880 and 1920, over 2 million Jews migrated to America to escape persecution in their home countries and to take advantage of the economic opportunities in America. Their skills as artisans and factory laborers became important assets in their adopted homeland. The sheer concentration of Jewish immigrants within the industry helped shape the American garment industry, especially in New York. From the middle of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth, the garment industry was the largest manufacturing industry in New York City. By 1900, Eastern European Jews constituted a majority of both workers and employers within the industry. One of the many accomplishments of the Jewish contractors was the priority given to ethnic ties in the industry, as they hired mostly members from their own community. The Jewish immigrants built the New York based garment business into a billion dollar industry. By 1900, ready-made clothing was within reach of the average working family as well. Distribution was handled through a network of department stores and shops across the country. The stores offered a wide range of goods that catered to a broad spectrum of customers. Special sales, newspaper advertisements and window displays worked to entice customers. Mail order catalogues were introduced to reach customers in small towns (yumuseum.org). Followed closely behind the Jews, in flooding the garment industry, were Italians, especially Italian women. On the one hand, they worked in large, modern shirtwaist factories and on the other, they made up approximately 98 percent of the home workers within the industry (Soyer, 2005). The garment industry also played a crucial role in shaping the American labor movement. Many of the rights taken for granted by workers today were fought for by the garment unions. Concepts of such significance today, such as arbitration and collective bargaining, emerged out of the struggles of the then garment unions (yumuseum.org). By the second decade of the twentieth century, workers formed unions that became powerful forces within the indus

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay Throughout the novel The Great Gatsby there are several symbolic meanings of colours that Fitzgerald has incorporated. Specific colours in the novel contrast several different meanings and representations. Yellow is one colour in the book that Fitzgerald has incorporated for many reasons. The main representation of the colour yellow in the book is death. Death contrasted in yellow has been a main factor during the novel as in the end, basically the only yellow thing that has not been a part of death was Daisy. For example, George Wilson’s home in the valley of ashes is made of yellow brick and is the place where George and Myrtle live. Their house represents death in multiple ways as it was right outside of their house where tom and Daisy hit Myrtle and killed her. It was also the place where tom had told George that it was Gatsby’s car that had struck Myrtle, which resulted in him shooting Gatsby. Also, Gatsby’s yellow car is symbolic of death as it hits Myrtle when she runs out into the road. Lastly, nearing the end of the novel when Gatsby is in his pool, and quote the chauffeur asked him if he needed help, but he shook his head and in a moment disappeared among the yellowing trees. The yellowing trees represent death because the colour was a sign of alert which Gatsby did not realise. Also, because just as the Chauffeur disappeared â€Å"among the yellowing trees†, so did Gatsby’s life when shortly after getting in the pool, he was shot by George and killed. Yellow today represents caution just like a street light which turns yellow, which indicates caution to slow down. In the novel Fitzgerald is indicating that money and wealth cannot solve your problems. Throughout the novel Tom, Daisy and Gatsby get themselves into a lot of issues and think that their money can resolve their problems as evident from the previous examples, it cannot. Another symbolic colour that Fitzgerald has incorporated is the colour gold. Gold represents wealth. Throughout the novel wealth has been represented in several different ways. As Gatsby lives in west egg, he represents new wealth, and as tom and daisy live in east egg, they represent old wealth. Gatsby wants to be rich with old wealth so he can win the affection of his true love, so he buys a yellow car. But daisy did not want to give up the life and money that tom had, Gatsby did not have old wealth. Jordan and Daisy are represented by gold throughout the novel as quote Jordan’s slender golden arm resting in mine and high in the white palace the king`s daughter, the golden girl. The golden girl is of course Daisy. New money, which Gatsby has, represents more of the colour yellow which is why Daisy will not get back together with him. Gatsby tries to show daisy that he represents wealth several times during the novel by his appearance when quote Gatsby in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie hurried in. Also, Gatsby`s parties where quote turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. Gatsbys effort to impress daisy throughout the novel represents his love for her but daisy only cares about money and realised that tom is more wealthy. Throughout the novel, there have been many symbolic representations of the colour blue as well. The colour blue represents loyalty, patience, love, and the sky. For example, as blue represents loyalty, ironically tom is the opposite if loyal. For example, tom takes his blue car to the Valley of ashes to go have affairs with myrtle, as well he is a racist. Also, although blue can represent love, it can also represent sadness and unhappiness as seen through the relationship of tom and Daisy. As Daisy is â€Å"the Golden Girl† she sets her relationship with tom based on money instead of love, which proves to us that their relationship is undoubtedly blue. I also believe that blue is symbolic of patience and dreams because the blue lake is the separation between Gatsby’s house and Daisy’s house and one day he dreams of reuniting with her. As well Gatsby’s blue garden represents patience because every Saturday when Gatsby holds his elegant parties, he hopes that one day daisy will come to one, and just like nick and Jordan first met Gatsby in his backyard which is located by the blue garden, he hopes that he will find Daisy there as well. Finally, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg. Eckleburg’s eyes represent the sky, as they are the colour of the sky, as well the connection between the eyes and god only exists only in George Wilson’s mind. I feel that blue today represents unending possibilities, which is what Fitzgerald had incorporated throughout this novel as the reader was never sure of what was going to happen between tom and daisy, Gatsby and daisy, as there could have been the possibility that Gatsby and daisy would get married.

Cement Industry Essay Example for Free

Cement Industry Essay In today’s world of rapidly increasing competition, firms are selling goods and services through a variety of direct and indirect channels. In mass advertising, marketers are exploring new forms of communication, such as experimental, entertainment and viral marketing. Creative Advertising is the means to break clutter in such new forms it helps Differentiation, Recognition, Recall and Persuasion in an effective manner. Creativity in advertising involves disciplined thinking and requires the creative person to think differently within specific constraints. The advertisement project is a complex exercise that that consumes a lot of effort, cost and time from different experts in the team which requires every part of the project process to be well-studied, documented and well planned. A lot of research needs to get conducted about the audience, product and media of the advertisement. Increasing sales is not the only goal of the advertising decision and could also involve introducing a new product, delivering the product message, etc. The most important aspect of the creative advertising process is the idea and the creative concept. Advertisers use different ways of thinking via several types of creative strategies to promote publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. One such creative advertisement campaign is the Vodafone’s ZooZoo ads which caught the fancy of the consumers and helped the company develop its own entity in a splendid and innovative manner. The advertising landscape has experienced dramatic change over the past several years and as the advertising medium gradually shifts to the digital platform, agencies are finding new ways to connect with the customers and build their brands. This media confluence is one of the foremost challenges of creative advertising as the advertisers have to reinvent the mass message model, help consumers tell stories, play in an evolving arena and develop talent with creative vision. INTRODUCTION Advertising has long been viewed as a method of mass promotion in that a single message can reach a large number of people. But, this mass promotion approach presents problems since many exposed to an advertising message may not be within the marketer’s target market, and thus, may be an inefficient use of promotional funds. However, this is changing as new advertising technologies and the emergence of new media outlets offer more options for targeted advertising. Advertising also has a history of being considered a one-way form of marketing communication where the message receiver is not in position to immediately respond to the message. In fact, it is expected that over the next 10-20 years advertising will move away from a one-way communication model and become one that is highly interactive. Another characteristic that may change as advertising evolves is the view that advertising does not stimulate immediate demand for the product advertised. That is, customers cannot quickly purchase a product they see advertised. But as more media outlets allow customers to interact with the messages being delivered the ability of advertising to quickly stimulate demand will improve. It is estimated that worldwide spending on advertising exceeds (US) $400 billion. This level of spending supports thousands of companies and millions of jobs. In fact, in many countries most media outlets, such as television, radio and newspapers, would not be in business without revenue generated through the sale of advertising. Most organizations, large and small, that rely on marketing to create customer interest are engaged in consistent use of advertising to help meet marketing objectives. However not every advertisement achieves its objective as the consumer is subjected to innumerable ads daily in newspapers, television, billboards, websites, etc. Therefore those Ads which catch customer’s attention have something unique which makes then interesting and unforgettable. The majority of copywriters agree that creativity is extremely important in ads and it usually works more effectively in catching the interest of people/customer than all other techniques put together. The originality of the idea or ad makes it more recognizable and is able to beat the competition. Creativity is the marriage of imagination and execution, thinking and doing. Creativity in the context of todays world is underpinned by the fact that almost anything is possible given technology and platform advances. Technology is changing behavior, but ideas and how we tell the stories are everything – this is how we influence behavior. Its about the idea and the story, not simply the devices or technologies, which create great and enduring ideas and are the hallmark of Creative Advertisements. ABOUT ADVERTISING Definition of Advertising: Advertising is defined differently by different authorities and the institutions dealing with the subject of advertising. The American Marketing Association defines advertising as â€Å"the placement of announcements and persuasive messages in time or space purchased in any of the mass media by business firms, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and individuals who seek to inform and/ or persuade members of a particular target market or audience about their products, services, organizations, or ideas.† Purpose of Advertising: Through advertising, one can disseminate the message very effectively. Within few seconds the message can be disseminated to masses. The basic purpose of advertising for commercial advertisers is to identify and differentiate one product from another in order to persuade the consumer to buy that product in preference to another. Non-commercial advertisers (political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies) use advertising to educate people for their cause. Major Decisions before committing for any advertising campaign: Like other area of marketing management, decision-making is necessary in advertising. This relates to 5Ms mission, money, message, media and measurement. Mission: What are the advertisement objectives? Decision in regard to mission is a basic one as other decisions are to be adjusted as per the mission or objective or purpose of advertising decided. It can be: Introduction of new product or service, or information about new features, repositioning of the brand or just reminder campaigns etc. Money: How much money to be spent. Advertising is costly and companies have to spend billions of dollars for this purpose. Advertising objectives determine the required budget. Message: What is the message to be sent? Positive results depend on message. It should be attractive and meaningful. It’s the job of the creative copywriters and artists. Message can be communicated by written words, pictures, slogans and so on. Media: What kind of media to be used. Selection of media depends upon cost, coverage, effectiveness and budget in hand. Wrong decision on media may make advertising ineffective and money spent will be wasted. The steps here are deciding on desired Reach, Frequency and Impact. Measure: How are the results to be determined? Evaluation of advertisement in order to judge its effectiveness. The post advertising sale is one major consideration. The other consideration is visibility of the advertisement. Steps involved in influencing customer decision: There is a very famous principle in ad world called as AIDA principle, which describes the steps that a prospective customer goes through before deciding to buy. AIDA stands for A- Awareness, I- Interest, D- desire and A- Action. Awareness Ad should surprise the customer. Interest This is usually where benefit phrases come heavily into play. Desire Third step, customer realizes that product is good and beneficial. Action- The fourth stage occurs when the prospect decides to take Action and become a customer. HISTORY OF ADVERTISING History of ads can be traced back to 3000-4000 BC. There are signs that Romans used to announce gladiator fights by painting on the walls. Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Active advertising in print media started in late 19th century. 20th century has witnessed evolution of advertising through various media. The concept of creativity in advertising was not discussed much until the 1960s, when a sea change in the way of producing advertising transformed the field forever. The central feature of this Creative Revolution was that creativity came to be valued over the formulas and research that previously drove the production of ads. Creative teams, a mainstay of nearly all agencies since the 1960s, did not exist prior to that time. The reigning paradigm was reason the why advertising that spoke to consumers in terms of unique selling propositions (USPs). The Creative Revolution changed not only the ground rules for making advertising, but also the kinds of people who were recruited into the business. The preeminence of creativity over formulaic advertising was strongly articulated and the effect was to place creativity before the other services of an advertising agency market research, media analysis, and other support functions. CREATIVE ADVERTISING To really stand out in the crowd, an ad concept has to be really out of the box, something that intrigues an audience or at least make them look twice. There is no second chance at making a good first impression. With both online and offline advertising you only have seconds to catch the attention of your consumers. If that doesn’t happen, your ad campaign is considered a failure. Today’s advertising message must be better planned, more imaginative, more entertaining and more rewarding to customers. Inclusion of creative ideas (original, novel, out of box and useful ideas) in the ad campaign is called creative advertising. Creative advertisements are made not only to sell the product but to entertain the target audience. Creativity in advertising does not arise in a vacuum; it requires a certain degree of both general knowledge and field-specific knowledge. This is clearly true if we think of creativity as a form of innovation – we cannot know what is novel without a sense of what is already known in any area. The ad’s impact depends not only on what it says, but often more important, how it says it execution is decisive and this is the crux of Creative Advertising. TYPES OF CREATIVE STRATEGIES Creative Strategies are used in order to obtain consumer attention and provoke shoppers to purchase or use a specific product. Creative Strategies promote publicity, public relations, personal and sales promotion. Creative strategies are divided into three basic forms: Weak Strategies: Generic and Pre-emptive strategies describe the two weakest forms of advertising that were most popular through the 1940s. A generic strategy gives a product attribution. Consumers arent learning anything new about the product. It enhances the product in no other way. A pre-emptive strategy is a form of advertising that makes a generic claim stronger. Middle Strength Strategies: Unique positioning and Brand Image are the two types. This proves that something about your product is truly unique. This is commonly found when producers take an average product and add a new, unique element to it. In brand image, an advertiser is not trying to create rational thinking. This type of advertising strives to create emotion and give a brand a personality. A common way of doing this is by using a celebrity as a spokesperson. Strong Strategies: Affective and resonance advertising are the two types. Making people feel really good about a product is called affective advertising. This is difficult to do, but often humor and an honest character can make affective advertising possible. Resonance advertising is a way of identifying with consumers. If an advertiser can create a campaign that certain target markets identify with, then resonance advertising has been achieved. FUNDAMENTALS OF CREATIVE ADVERTISING The Fundamentals of Creative Advertising provides an understanding of how to create and produce ad campaigns. The focus is on the various media available, the thinking and planning behind the campaign, the creative brief, and the creative solution and execution of the ad campaign. Market research underpins virtually all of the decisions made at the campaign planning stage. Through market research both the client and the agency are better able to understand the marketplace, identify and profile the target audience, test their creative ideas, choose the most appropriate media form and, finally, evaluate the success of the campaign. The client will normally provide basic and initial research about the target market and audience in the client brief, which is then supplemented by research undertaken by the agency. Having received the brief from the client, the creative ad team must now take all the knowledge that they have and use it to develop a campaign that will meet the requirements of the brief. They need to look closely at all the information they have been given and understand what it really means. The creative ad team must also identify any gaps in their knowledge that can be filled through market research. The Creative Brief: Role of the brief: A creative ad team will transform a client brief into a creative brief. Together they will develop an advertising strategy based on the information supplied in the client brief and the supplementary research undertaken. The campaign strategy is then articulated in the creative brief, which is approved by the client. Developing the brief: Before the creative brief can be formulated, the objectives of the advertising campaign have to be identified, together with a strategy for achieving those objectives. It is important to remember that the advertising medium itself is only one part of the communication strategy, which in turn is part of the overall marketing strategy. As such, the broader marketing strategy has to be considered before the creative brief can be formulated. The Creative Concept: The creative team: At the heart of every successful advertising campaign is the creative concept. The task of having an original concept, and a range of ideas allied to this concept, is in the hands of the creative team. The best creative teams have the capacity to be both original and fluent when it comes to generating such ideas. In other words, it is not just about having a novel idea†¦it’s about having lots of them! Research and Familiarization: The way the creative brief is written and its content can be an important trigger for your ideas and will also provide an important point of focus in terms of advertising objectives; who you are talking to, what you want to say to them, and how you want them to respond. For this reason it is best to keep referring back to the brief every so often during the creative process to make sure that you are staying on track. Idea Generation (Ideation): The secret to having good ideas is to have lots of ideas to choose from. The more ideas, the greater the chance, that there will be few ‘winners’ among them. Quantity equals quality, so don’t hold back and pre-judge your ideas, just have lots of them – the wilder the better! Wild ideas may be unusable in their raw state, but they can provide a springboard to a better idea as they can help you to see things from a different perspective. Once the basic campaign concept for the advertisement has been formulated and agreed by the client, it’s down to the creative team to coordinate its execution. In traditional creative partnerships, the copywriter will write any body copy so that the message is conveyed in a punchy and memorable way, using the correct tone of voice to evoke the right mood or provoke the desired reaction. The art director will be responsible for ‘crafting’ the advertisements – making sure that they look visually strong and have a consistency of layout and composition across the campaign. Crucially, they must also exude and reflect the brand values. EXAMPLE OF A CREATIVE ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN Creative ad campaigns instill a sense of awe and marvel in the people they target. They cause us to stand back and wonder, â€Å"How did the brand even come up with that?† When a brand gets an ad campaign right, they stand out amongst the myriad of typical, hackneyed, and lackluster ads that bombard us daily. Just like the Vodafone ZooZoo ads. Vodafone is known for its unique advertisement campaign such as pug, happy to help service and the â€Å"ZooZoo† advertisement campaign. As Vodafone was a new brand in India, it had a challenging task to develop its own entity. The previous name of this Indian company was associated with a pug. Vodafone decided to come with a new persona for itself, so the people of the country can associate it with the company. The company came with a brilliant persona for itself, which was very apt for it, The â€Å"ZooZoo†. With 25 such commercials planned, releasing one a day, to sustain interest till the end of the IPL SEASON 2.HaritNagpal, chief marketing officer, Vodafone India explains, â€Å"†¦the brand was in need of an idea that would work doubly hard, as it was planning to spend some four months’ worth of marketing monies in one month†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ZooZoo are advertisement characters promoted by Vodafone during the Indian Premier League Season 2. OM experimented with several characters and finally â€Å"ZooZoo† was born as a completely Indian concept. The name had to be catchy, funny and memorable, though the name actually never pops up in any of the communication. Zoozoos are white creatures with ballooned bodies and egg heads who were used to promote various value added services of Vodafone. Each ad used a story which was enacted by the Zoozoos. These ads though look animated are actually real humans in the ZooZoo costumes. The ZooZoo advertisements were created in South Africa by Ogilvy Mather, an international advertising, marketing, and public relations agency and Nirvana Films. Ogilvy Mather were asked by Vodafone to create a series of 3D advertisements which could be aired each day during the IPL Season 2. They spent near Rs. 30 million to make these advertisements. The campaign created the buzz both in the traditional media as well as in social networking sites like Face book and Twitter and video sharing website, YouTube. Zoozoos are part of a unique and innovative advertisement strategy aimed at outdoing the strategies of Vodafone’s competitors. By the means of ZooZoo, Vodafone has tried to represent an image of the urban common man who is the main drive force behind the increased usage of telecom VAS services in the tele-communication industry. Through ZooZoo characters they have tried to showcase how the various offers by Vodafone can be useful for an urban common man. What Vodafone did was they projected the usage of their VAS services through various advertisements based on different themes as per the product (VAS) that they were offering. The various services offered by Vodafone such as chota recharge, group SMS service, busy alert service, fashion tips, recharge anywhere, bhakti songs, stock alert, voice SMS etc were shown to the viewers not by normal advertisement ways but through some funny catchy ZooZoo ads which were successful in immediately drawing the attention of urban population including all age groups. Each of the advertisement was specific to one particular VAS service revolved around the same to make the customer understand the service. Because of the uniqueness attractiveness of these Zoozoos, Vodafone was able to draw the attention of the audiences quickly towards these ads which became soon very popular thus the VAS offered by Vodafone. The success of ZooZoo is the success of minimalism and simplicity. As a part of a unique and innovative advertisement strategy which was being tried for the first time in India, the ZooZoo also generated tremendous mass appeal through the internet. The ZooZoo campaign has been able to generate a lot of curiosity among the viewers. The fan club of ZooZoo touched to several million and various interactive quizzes came up in these days as evident in the wallpapers and screensavers in the cell phones. All these transformed into a great viral marketing event. Another important advantage is that it involves very low cost in the implementation of the ZooZoo campaign and this amount as compared with the benefits it generated was infinitesimal. There is no celebrity required as a brand ambassador, unlike the campaigns being run by its competitors like Airtel and Idea, which resulted in a dual advantage. ZooZoo advertisements helped Vodafone increase its customer base by 3.8 % in the 1st quarter of 2010. The reason behind the Zoozoos becoming so famous is its familiarity with the cartoons which people used to watch as kids and invokes pleasant memories and fantastical world people used to live as children. It also does not produce bias of any kind (class, creed, religion etc) and hence this advertising strategy of Vodafone has been able to capture the imagination of millions across the country. The ad campaigns have given Vodafone a new look that will go a long way in further improving its brand image. The commercials have hit the Indian market like storm and will now probably go into history as one of the most brilliant advertising idea for the industry and the results it achieved are instructive for marketers and advertising agencies. Vodafone has benefited immensely from this campaign as the Zoozoos have become a brand in themselves. The creativity in the advertisement campaign caught the attention and fancy of the consumers, aroused curiosity, told stories and made people retell the story. In their remarks about the brand, the campaign achieved a remarkable success. We are all familiar with the standard measures of advertising effectiveness memorability, message comprehension, persuasion and likeability. However, getting people to talk and discuss the advertising gives it a multiplier effect that helps to reach and impact more people than before. As the media gets more cluttered and expensive and viewers get cynical about the message, there is a need for advertising to be spoken about to make the brand and it’s messaging more impactful. It is not just traditional 360 degrees integrated communication by using multiple media to bombard the consumers with the message. Rather effective advertisement is all about developing creative content that naturally lends itself into being talked about and thus gets present in multiple media. CREATIVE ADVERTISING IN DIGITAL WORLD As consumers spend more time online, they have more control over traditional advertising vehicles, and chose to create and share their own content. As a result, some advertisers are evolving to a confluence culture where traditional methods of work must adapt to embrace the new reality of interactive content, emerging media, and production/consumption methods. Confluence culture thus suggests that agencies as units and the advertising profession as a whole face numerous challenges to their traditional ways of operation as they grow and morph and react to cultural shifts, particularly when it comes to creativity and ideas. Interactive creativity is built around engagement, and it recognizes that people are inherently social and look to create and maintain relations not only with other people but also with brands. Brand stories, both in traditional media and online, provide ways for advertisers to engage consumers more deeply with their brands. An engagement perspective changes the view of a brand from a transactional perspective, in which a brand addresses a transient need, to an interactional perspective, by which the brand story becomes part of a persons own story about him or herself. The act of consuming media online has become synonymous with the act of producing media. Many online users are not content with accessing and viewing or listening to content from established sources; rather, they want to interact with message content by adding to it or repurposing it for new and different uses. Some traditionally closed models of information distribution (e.g., Web pages) therefore have given way to new, open models. These new systems, including the social media sites Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube, enable consumers to distribute content that they create. Interactive creativity therefore involves providing consumers with the tools they need to be creative themselves. To promote its new line of coffees, McDonalds developed a site where visitors could create their own coffee ring snowflakes. On the CNN site, consumers can select news headlines to make into t-shirts, branded with the CNN logo. In each of these settings, the brand becomes the base for the creative product, and the time spent on the sites during the creation process allows brand registration to occur. Participation suggests that brand stories actually are created and disseminated in a partnership between advertiser and consumer. Leaders in the confluence culture will be those creative strategists who have an understanding of all aspects of the advertising process and use creative skills to solve brand problems. These individuals-nimble, digital, and prepared for new challenges will be able to consider the stories people tell, craft resonant brand narratives, and help clients use these stories to connect people to brands in new and exciting ways. Agencies embracing the creative strategist approach will be poised to provide outstanding messages for clients, protect against economic downturns as clients embrace the value of such messages, and find even more innovative ways to communicate. CONCLUSION Creative Advertising comes with its own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to harnessing the power of creativity so that the message gets conveyed in an appropriate manner keeping the holistic vision of the brand into context. The real success of an ad campaign for its creativity can be measured by evaluating the sophistication level of below parameters: * Time and Space consumed * Superiority over competition * Distinguish Products * Influence customers * Was it Eye Catchy * Relate with the Values of Target Audiences Advertising is an exciting field and the industry is constantly changing to provide new challenges and creative problems to solve. The true test of creativity is the ability to adapt to change, and consistently find new and original solutions. Advertising is likely to play a crucial role in marketing products and services for the foreseeable future, but the opportunities offered by new technology and media provide a much broader canvas for advertisers and creative teams. REFERENCES 1. Marketing Management – Kotler, Keller, Koshy, Jha 2. Advertising in Rural India: Language, Marketing Communication, and Consumerism Bhatia 3. What is Advertising? Advertising Society Review 6, no. 3 (2005) 4. The fundamentals of Creative Advertising by Ken Burtenshaw, Nick Mahon Caronine Banfot 5. Inclusive Branding by Klaus Schmidt Chris Ludlon. 6. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics Research 7. Rediff.com Business – The Magic of the Zoozoos 8. Wikipedia – Creative Strategies

Identifying Work Place Hazards Construction Essay

Identifying Work Place Hazards Construction Essay Injuries at the place of work are of major concern for all people involved in the business operations for an organization. The issues which cause accidents took place in the workplace and work-related ill health are called as Hazards. The demand for methodical organization of OHS hazards and their associated risks applies to all business/unions/organizations etc and all activities and functions within an organization. It is of worth importance to differentiate b/w hazard, risk and exposure when undertaking risk management. Hazard is the probable for harm, or unpleasant effect on an employees health. Everything that can cause injury or illness to anybody at or near the place of work may be called as hazard. Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a workplace. The level of risk increases with the severity of the hazard and the duration and frequency of exposure or vulnerability. Vulnerability/exposure happens whenever anybody comes into contact with a hazard. Risk management process consists of four steps; Identifying the Potential Hazards Assessing The Risks Associated With The Hazards Controlling the risk Reviewing the process The first and most significant step in reducing the probability of an accident/mishap is hazard identification. This means recognizing all workplace situations or events that can lead to cause an injury or illness. The second step is an evaluation of the level of risk of the hazards that have been identifies during the first step. This step engages in collecting information and building conclusion. It is imperative you consider the level of the damage/destruction or consequence from a hazard and the likelihood of harm occurring. If your assessment is that an unacceptable risk to health and safety exists, you must introduce controls to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. There are three categories of, you might take, while control measures. You can; get rid of the hazard reducing the risk introducing back-up controls (this point will be applied, after all other options in the last two categories have been worn out). The third step in successful risk management is to initiate and maintain systems which provide opportunity for day to day evaluation and review procedures. Evaluation means examining control measures to ensure risks are eradicated or minimized and no unacceptable risk is being caused by new hazards. The assessment system applies to the risk management process on the whole and checks the process is working efficiently to identify hazards and manage risks. Management of the Risks is an organizational issue and a productive program needs the assurance and cooperation of all. All the program managers and their staff need to recognize the fundamental importance of OHS risk management, for it to work. The most valuable practice is implanting OHS risk management into daily usage at all levels of an organization. Best practice can be achieved if you can integrate risk management principles and practices into everyday business practice. 1. IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS Hazard identification The 1st step in minimizing the probability of an accident/mishap/disaster is hazard identification, which relates to identify all situations or events that may cause to an injury or illness. Eliminating/minimizing place of work hazards requires a methodical approach. It is necessary to try and anticipate all potential hazards at the workplace recognized as the what if? approach. What is of Hazard? It is a source or potential source of any individuals injury, illness or disease. Anything which might cause to an injury or illness to anyone at or near the place of work is a hazard. While a number of hazards are quite clear and easy to recognize, others are not; for example exposure to noise, chemicals or radiation. Classes of hazard Hazards are classified into five different types. They are Biological hazards comprises of animals, Bacteria, Insects, Mildew, Mould, Vermin, Viruses. Chemical hazards comprises of chemical stuff such as acids or poisons and those that may cause to fire or explosion, cleaning agents, dusts and fumes from various processes such as welding. Mechanical and/or electrical hazards comprises of cranes, dangerous goods, Electricity, Equipment, fork lifts, hoists, Machinery, pressure vessels. Physical hazards comprises of air quality, excessively loud and prolonged noise, falling objects, fire, Floors, heat and cold, ladders, manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling), poor lighting, radiation, slippery surfaces, Stairs, steps, ventilation, vibration, work platforms. Psychosocial environment hazards comprise of workplace stressors occurred due to a variety of sources. Note: some chemical and physical hazards can direct to explosion, fire and other safety hazards. METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS The 1st step in control of a hazard is to recognize and list them. Many other methods which are useful for identifying hazards, includes; benchmarking against or liaising with similar workplaces. considering Occupational Health Safety implications, when analyzing work processes. consulting with workforce, health safety responsible persons and OHS Committee members receiving feedback from workers can often give precious information about hazards, since they have hands on experience in their area of work injury and ill health records evaluate your employees compensation data and ensure the occurrence, mechanism agency of injury, and the cost to the organization. The organization can be altered to examine the information of presence of hazards investigating workplace incidents and near hits reports in some cases there may be more than one hazard contributing to an incident performing walkthrough surveys, checking or safety audits in the workplace to review Health Safety system of the organization. 2. ASSESS THE RISKS Assessment of risks When a hazard has been identified, do a risk assessment. A risk assessment process means you collect information about every identified hazard consider the number of people exposed to each hazard and the duration of the exposure use the information to assess the likelihood and consequence of each hazard use a risk assessment table to work out the risk associated with each hazard Factors for consideration The following factors should be considered during the risk assessment process; the hazards nature posing the risk combinations of hazards injuries or illnesses types predictable from exposure consequences of duration and exposure to the hazard layout of workstation workplace working stance and position new work processes introduction employees skill experience level personal characteristics of employees exposed to the risk (colour blindness or hearing impairment) existing control measures in place such as the use of clothing and personal protective equipment. TABLE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Using risk assessment table is the one method of assessing risks. Record the risk rating for each hazard you have identified. To construct an assessment matrix, you can; set up a specialist risk assessment team get expert/specialist recommendation brainstorm within the workplace, particularly with employees, health and safety representatives and OHS committee members they are often a valuable source of information and experience. Before introducing new or changed work practices, substances or plant review your original assessment. It is good management to do regular reviews. CONSEQUENCES LIKELIHOOD Very Likely Likely Unlikely Highly Unlikely Fatality HIGH RISK HIGH RISK HIGH RISK MEDIUM RISK Major Injuries HIGH RISK HIGH RISK MEDIUM RISK MEDIUM RISK Minor Injuries HIGH RISK MEDIUM RISK MEDIUM RISK LOW RISK Negligible Injuries MEDIUM RISK MEDIUM RISK LOW RISK LOW RISK Risk Assessment Table USING A RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE By using risk assessment table, assessments of likelihood and outcomes can be translated into levels of risks. High risk areas can be given first priority for removal or control in the place of work. Consequence or extent of the injury or illness were it to happen, can be rated in the following way; Fatal accident Serious or major injury (severe damage to health which may be permanent, wanting medical attention constant treatment). Such damage is likely to grip significant time off work Minor injury (temporary health damage, which may need medical attention but partial ongoing treatment). This is less possible to involve significant time off work Insignificant injuries (first aid only with little or no lost time). Unlikely to involve more than 1 day off work. Likelihood, or the chance of each of the situations or events actually occurring, can be rated in the following way. Very likely (bared to hazard continuously) Likely (bared to hazard occasionally) Unlikely (could occur but only rarely) Highly unlikely (could occur, but probably never will) This categorization would be used very rarely. Acting on the findings The probable conclusions which might be drawn from risk assessment process and the actions that might be taken are listed below; 1. Risks are not significant now and not likely to increase in future. Actions end current assessment and record assessment details review assessment if situation changes or in 2 years provide induction and ongoing training follow safe working procedures 2. Risks are considerable but already effectively controlled, could increase in the future. Actions conclude safety measures to retain controls and reducing the chances of higher exposure occurring conclude extra measures for regaining control if a high risk event occurs, despite safety measures conclude if monitoring or health observation is required to check efficiency of controls if situation changes or in 2 years then review assessment give orientation continual training reassure that safe secure working measures are followed. 3. Risks are significant now, and not adequately controlled. Actions recognize and employ instant measures for stopping or controlling exposure consider stopping the process commence review of longer term control requirements re-evaluate exposures when the upgraded control measures are in place determine if monitoring or health surveillance is required provide induction and ongoing training ensure that safe working measures are followed But if there is still uncertainty about risks and not enough information is available or unsure about the level of exposure, then the following actions should be considered. Acquire more/additional information. Apply good practice to minimize exposure until more information is available Get specialist advice if necessary Arrive at conclusion 1, 2 or 3 and take the appropriate actions. Summary of key points Assess all reasonably foreseeable workplace hazards which may affect the health or safety of employees or other persons at work. Ask yourself how serious could it be? what is the likelihood of its occurrence? what is the significance of the risks? are risks assessed following the hazard identification exercise? are risks to others considered? are records of assessment maintained? which identified hazards create a significant risk? 3. CONTROL THE RISKS Control measures Once a hazard has been identified then the correct course of action is to use control measures which normally fall into three categories which are as follows; get rid of the hazard reduce the risk use backup controls when all other options in the previous categories have been exhausted. The best way to control a hazard is to eliminate it. The elimination of a hazard is the first choice in a system called the hierarchy of controls. Hierarchy of controls The order of priority in hazard control is as follows; get rid of the hazard from the place of work completely. This is considered to be the best method to control a hazard. Removal of a noisy machine from a quiet area is an example of exclusion. Substitute or modify the hazard. This can be done by replacing it with something less dangerous, for example, by using a paint which does not contain asthma- encouraging agents. Isolate the hazard. This can be done by physically eliminating it from the place of work. Use engineering methods to control the hazard at its source. The tools and the equipment can be redesigned and the local exhaust ventilation systems could be used to block the cause of a hazard. Use of administrative controls is management strategies that can be introduced to ensure the health and safety of workers. introducing personal protective equipment (PPE) as a provisional measure for reducing exposure to a hazard. 4. MONITOR AND REVIEW A continual and repeated process Risk management programs are recurring; once the hazards related to current workplace are controlled successfully, then the process does not stop. Systematic monitoring and reviews must be implemented because of the probable for new hazards to be introduced into a workplace. These hazards can be due to a change in work environment (moving to a different office, staff reduction) the introduction of new staff with different skill/ knowledge levels. the introduction of new work practices or procedures the use of new technology, equipment or substances Planning Effective forward planning is an integral part of monitoring and reviewing risk management. You must address all issues before introducing new equipment and work procedures. For example, planning allows you to include OHS compliance into tender specifications for new equipment or services. Record keeping Record keeping is an important part of monitoring and review. Systematic records will help to identify hazards and review the effectiveness of risk controls. Keep records which show details of workplace inspections worksheets/checklists used to identify hazards methods used to assess risks control measures implemented reviews of workplace systems of work, or health and safety audits any action that has been taken to fix particular hazards instruction or training done to ensure staff competency health surveillance of staff maintenance of plant and equipment. Achieving the desired results It is important to keep checking that solutions to your workplace hazards are achieving the desired result. You can only ensure your control methods are working by regular monitoring and review. Meeting best practice Good hazard management will result in compliance with set performance indicators. This is a positive sign that your agency is on the way to OHS best practice. Achieving best practice in OHS risk management results in increases in staff morale decreases in workers compensation costs promotion of a safety-conscious culture in the workplace. Summary of key points Has the program achieved its purpose? Does it work? Is it being adhered to? What has been done to control the hazard and what remains to be done? Are new hazard control measures required?

Essay examples --

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was being set in New York in 1922. . It was in Long Island where the rich and wealthy people lived and that was split into West and East Egg. The wealthy people lived in East Egg. There are seven characters that make up The Great Gatsby is. First there is Nick Carraway and he is a graduate student from Yale, and he used to live in the Midwest. He was in World War 1 and later moved to New York to become a bonds salesman. Next there is Jay Gatsby. He is a millionaire that lives in a mansion and is known for throwing massive parties. He got all of his fortune from doing illegal criminal activities. He is in love with a woman named Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is Nick’s cousin and is married to Tom. She has had history with Gatsby before she got married to Tom. Tom Buchanan is a millionaire that lives in East Egg. He is rich because of his family name and He attended Yale with Nick. Jordan Baker is one of Daisy’s friends that is a profession al golfer. She later ends up being Nick’s girlfriend for a while. George Wilson is a man that owns an auto shop and is married to Myrtle. Myrtle is Tom’s mistress that he fools around with. Lastly there was a man named Meyer Wolfshiem. He was known for fixing the 1919 World Series. Section 2: Summary of the book: The Great Gatsby is a book about a name named Nick Carraway that moves to New York to learn to be a bonds salesman. He rents a tiny house in West Egg Long Island. He has a neighbor that lives in a mansion and his name is Jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is a millionaire that gained all of his wealth from doing illegal activities. Nick has a cousin named Daisy that lives across the bay from him in a massive house. Her husband’s name is Tom Buchanan and had gained ... ...around the United States. He had a butler that would always tell him when a different state was on the phone and it had to deal with his bootlegging business. This period of time was known as the Jazz Age. That was when jazz music and flapper dance became popular. In the book Gatsby always had jazz music and dancers at his parties to keep the guest happy. Section 4: What I gained from reading this book: One thing I gained after reading The Great Gatsby was that I should live my life for myself and not for others, because you will never find happiness when you are only trying to impress other people. When Gatsby tried to impress Daisy by buying a huge mansion, and throwing big parties he really isn’t happy. He is living his life to try and impress her all they time weather its buying her stuff or having her over for the day she is still going to go home to Tom.

The Republican Party Essay -- American Government, Politics

This research paper aims to expose the Republican Party's transition from having a pro-minority reputation to currently having a reputation of being "against" racial minorities. In order to properly investigate this contrast, the emergence of the Republican Party and how it gained a negative reputation towards minorities will be researched. This paper utilizes statistics on racial minority support of the Republican Party and voting patterns, scholarly contributions that explain the agenda of the publican Party, and historical evidence documenting the emergence of the Republican Party. This information will be used to convince readers that the Republican Party is not aligned with its current reputation of having prejudice towards racial minorities and will instead prove that it obtains ideals that greatly benefit minorities. Introduction 1854 marked the beginning of an age where the Republican Party would soon play a major role in freeing slaves in America due to the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. 1964 marked a time in which the Republican Party failed to support civil rights through not publicly supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964. America's most recent 2008 presidential election marked a time in which the Republican Party fought to gain the support of various racial minority groups but failed due to Barack Obama's strong proposals aimed towards the desires of the working class and racial minority groups. How did the Republican Party's reputation transition from being anti-slavery to discouraging civil rights? How can the Republican Party continue to fail in gaining the trust of minorities though its foundational ideals greatly benefit racial minority groups? These are all questions that will be answered in this researc... ...that do not visibly favor the requests of racial minorities. He asserts that parties need to instead focus on the foundations of democracy in order to better relate to minorities to subsequently create authentic appeal (327-9). Cox (1997) agrees and seeks to persuade Americans that the electoral process is flawed in the sense that votes are not truly providing Americans with the ability to see positive and sustainable change. In order to "make votes count," racial minorities need to present debate topics and pressure parties to replicate the desires of the majority so that when a politician is running for office they can clearly indicate the desired changes proposed (272-5). These scholars affirm that the Republican Party's inability to bring sustainable change to racial minorities through proper representation prolongs the reputation of being racially prejudiced.

Comparing and Contrasting Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets The low-carbohydrate diet and the low-fat diet take two different approaches to achieve the same goal of weight loss. The fundamental difference between the two diets is found in the comparison of their nutritional recommendations. Nutritional recommendations are the foundation of both diets, although their views on the role carbohydrates, proteins, and fats should play differs greatly. Dieters are told that following these nutritional recommendations will promote weight loss. The amount of weight loss achieved with either diet fluctuates over time and in the end, the results for the two diets are similar. Low-carbohydrate diets recommend eating foods high in fat and protein while limiting carbohydrates in order to promote weight loss. Foods high in fat and protein are the main source of calories during the first phase of weight loss on the Atkins diet. It is recommended that fat make up about 60% of calories ingested and protein make up 35% of calories ingested. The Atkins diet does not restrict calorie intake and they recommend that you eat until you are full. Researchers believe that overeating is avoided due to the lasting satiety dieters receive from eating large amounts of protein. The Atkins diet allows 5% of calories to be from carbohydrates, ideally only from non-starchy vegetables. The logic behind the restriction of carbohydrates is that without them present in the blood, the body is more likely to utilize stored fat for energy. Unlike many other diets, restrictions are not placed on the kind of fat and protein to be consumed; dieters are able to choose for themselves whether to stick with lean meats and unsaturated fats or to choose fatty... ...le to shed pounds more quickly than those dieters eating lots of carbohydrates on the low-fat diet. Low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets require adherence to very different nutritional recommendations while ultimately achieving similar weight loss results. Low-carbohydrate diets, such as Atkins, encourage dieters to eat things high in protein and fat, whereas the low-fat diet requires dieters to eat mostly carbohydrates while limiting protein and fat intake. Researchers have found that both of these diets help to promote weight loss short term using strict nutritional recommendations, but that neither of them seem to be able to help dieters maintain their lower weight long term. Sources: Astrup, Arne, Thomas Meinert Larsen, Angela Harper. â€Å"Atkins and other Low-Carbohydrate Diets: Hoax or an Effective Tool for Weight Loss?† TheLancet.com 4 Sept.2004

Causes of communication problems Essay

It exhibits itself when team members always want to protect and defend own interests. There is no openness and communication is always argumentative with team members trying to outdo each other as regards explaining why they are right and their colleagues wrong (Peter, 1988). Different expectations: Divergent views on individual roles and responsibilities and authority structure results in tension and communication breakdown. Confusion: Chaos over roles, processes and responsibilities resulting from inadequate or inaccurate information can lead to loss of productivity and communication breakdown. Loss of momentum: Results when team members aren’t all working toward project success leading to a lag in project progress. Frustration ensues when some teammates feel they are being pulled back. The once smooth communication turns into one of finger pointing further aggravating the loss of momentum. Dissatisfaction: A project is headed towards doom when teammates find it is no fun going to work. Such a project is likely to be behind schedule and out of budget. Communication among project team is strained. Lack of commitment: Poor communication could result when team members are not fully committed to the project success (Peter, 1988). Unconscious incompetence: An inexperienced person in the team who doesn’t understand their limitations focuses mainly on the documentation aspect instead of dwelling on problem solving. This is because the team member should quickly learn to solve problems as they occur. Avoiding miscommunication Being receptive to mentoring: New job entrants should understand that they can benefit from learning from those who are older in the job. Managers should also avoid instructing new job entrants to do the difficult tasks as this is not conducive for one who needs to learn. Stress management: Close monitoring and periodic management of stress levels among project team will do justice to the overall performance of the project. A Stress-free team exhibits good communication (Peter, 1988). Stimulate fun: Monitoring the level of fun in the team and working towards stimulating the same is of importance to the success of the project goals. Proper communication is more likely to result. Quickly resolve issues: This ensures timely restoration of diminished project momentum to allow for project progress. Mechanisms for resolution of disputes should be known and utilized by all (Ferdinand, 1978). Make oneself a trusted leader: A leader who has 100% voluntary followers will initiate proper communication. The leader will offer a clear direction, decision making and problem solving if needed. Open communication: Holding a sober session to discuss decision making procedures, roles of team members and authority hierarchy among other pertinent issues will clear any doubts among team mates. Misunderstandings will be ironed out as well as trying to make expectations of team members alike. Build trust among members: This comes about when members honor their promises and perform their roles towards the project (Ferdinand, 1978).

British Mistakes During the Revolutionary War Essay

While there are numerous contributing factors to America’s success in achieving independence, the most critical factor can be attributed to the series of British mistakes throughout the conflict. Prior to the onset of the Revolutionary War, the British government faced serious challenges, both politically and fiscally. The conclusion of the French and Indian War coupled with the fighting in Europe, India and the West Indies, left Britain with considerable debt and with few to little allies. The British government saw America as a way to generate revenue in order to assist in its recovery efforts. The fiscal stress in a post-war economy as well as various internal struggles with foreign policy, bureaucratic processes and growing concern amongst its citizens regarding the war set the stage which ultimately ended in America defeating what was the most powerful military in the world. The following paragraphs address specific reasons as to why the British failed to achieve and sust ain a strategic advantage during the American Revolution. Government Organization From the onset of the war, the British failed to provide a cohesive and unified strategic vision for the dispute with America. The organizational structure and political system was not particularly efficient in decision making or policy establishment. Decision making was lengthy and critical information and strategic decisions were done independently and often in a dispersed manner. This process considerably added to the frustrations held by the American colonialists. In addition, the British military never had one sole leader to provide and oversee a clear strategic direction of the war effort (Professor Carpenter, NWC lecture). There were often personality clashes between military commanders, heads of state and other influential roles not to mention the widespread corruption throughout all government entities which further complicated the situation. As a result of the French and Indian War, the British Army had also reduced the number of regiments. Both Naval and Army budgets were slashed resulting in less than half the forces than at the height of the previous war. The demands of maintaining a home guard as well as other critical areas such as Ireland and Gibraltar stretched forces and provided additional challenges (Professor Carpenter, NWC lecture). In addition, recruiting was also a problem, particularly for British regiments stationed in America. â€Å"Throughout the war the government experienced great difficulty in obtaining sufficient men for the ranks. Again and again it was found impossible to complete the augmentation voted by parliament† (Recruiting of Army, Chapter 3). These internal conflicts and issues led to poor command and control and ineffective strategic leadership which lacked coherence and unity. Failure to Understand the True Nature of War In order to adequately assess the British perspective of the American colonists, we must first explore the varying aspects of the environment. The British government struggled on how to sufficiently deal with the uprising in America. King George III, a great believer in preserving the British imperial interests, believed a British operation of brute force would force allegiance and submission. Although he himself didn’t have the authority, he played an active role in persuading Parliament into taking action by overtaking various key American cities. The British assumed this show of force would demolish motivation and compel the Americans to cooperate. This approach proved to be flawed. The British didn’t understand that the American complaints centered on theories of constitution, economic independence and religious concepts. Supply Chain Management In the case of the American Revolution, supply chain management will be approached from two different perspectives, the provisioning of troops as well as the overall communication strategy with regard to logistics and movement of resources. Both play a critical and equally important role in any campaign and during the American Revolution both proved to be a detriment to the British forces. From early on the British were confronted with serious challenges with providing provisions for troops operating in America. During the war, British provisioning strategy relied heavily on sustainment support to come from the homeland. The 3000-mile trip proved to a tactical hindrance in feeding the troops as well as resupplying with ammunition, blankets, shoes and armament. Often taking several months to arrive, the supplies arrived spoiled and unusable. Further amplifying the issue, the U.S. Continental Congress authorized â€Å"legal piracy† which attributed to the seizing of over 300 Bri tish ships during the war. In addition to the resupply of troops, insufficient and ineffective use of transportation resources diminished British effectiveness on the battlefield. Due to poor planning and negligent communication between commanders, the various transport agencies utilized to resupply the British army struggled with prioritizing missions and did not effectively communicate with each other. In addition, independent decisions were made to keep units on-station to move troops vice sending back to resupply. Misaligned campaign plans and the lack of communication and collaboration among commanders resulted in a confused supply chain and complications for command and control. This ultimately slowed logistics support to troops and reduced British sustainment on the battlefield. Failure to Maximize Sea Power Mahan advocates a successful navy must adopt and utilize an offensive strategy. From the onset of the American Revolution, the British did well in meeting this requirement and until the French entered the war, the British displayed an overwhelming naval superiority over the Americans, largely due to the fact that the American colonists did not have any naval forces. In the end, however, the British failed in sustain naval superiority when France and Spain entered the war. Their inability can be attributed to several critical areas; failure to adequately reinvest in the replenishment of its fleet, failure to train and equip its service members, and failure to effectively leverage naval forces in key campaigns; Saratoga and Yorktown in particular. The 3000 mile supply chain, limited resources, piracy and lack of synergy among leadership and shipping agencies did not allow for the British fleet to organize themselves for sustainment purposes nor establish, enforce and maintain sea power . Mahan maintains the two major strategies for a strong sea power is a powerful Navy and a wide reaching commerce (Mahan, Sea Power, p. 539). In order to adequately defeat the enemy, Britain needed to capitalize on the lack of naval power prior to France’s entrance into the war. By not taking appropriate steps to keep France out the war, the British effectively positioned themselves for failure. Mahan completely disagreed with how the British executed naval warfare after the French and Spanish entered the war. He believed that the British should have taken a more active approach in blockading European ports in order to bring the naval fight back to European soil. Mahan stated: â€Å"†¦the whole fortune of the war should at the first have been staked on a concentration of the English fleet between Brest and Cadiz.† (Mahan, Sea Power, 415). It was his belief that this effort would have not only weakened the public support for the war but would also bring the forces of the American allies back to Europe to contest the blockades. In addition, the British naval forces would also benefit from the much shorter supply chain in the event that their naval assets required repair. British leadership once again failed to see the strategic connection between sea power and the unified strategic vision (Carpenter, NWC Lecture). Identifying Centers of Gravity â€Å"A center of gravity is always found where the mass is concentrated most densely† (On War, p.485). Correctly identifying the center of gravity or â€Å"the hub of all power and movement, [for] which everything depends† is ultimately the most critical part of defeating the enemy (On War, p. 596). Flawed identification can prove to be costly in terms of resources, time and effectiveness on the battlefield. The British strategy during 1777-78 was to isolate colonies and systematically destroy the enemy. In order to execute, the strategy involved identifying and targeting large conglomerates of rebels, in other words attacking American cities. The British perception was by capturing cities like New York and Philadelphia the rebel forces would view this overtaking and inevitably force submission to the colonialist. The mistake in the British perception was identifying American cities as the centers of gravity. They failed to understand that the center of gravity was the Continental Army and the overwhelming public support for independence. This misunderstanding was demonstrated by British General Howe when he attempted to seize Philadelphia in order to lure General Washington to fight. The problem was that he attempted this operation independently, diverging from the planned strategy of cutting off and controlling the waterways coming in from Canada. Howe failed to understand that the center of gravity for the American colonists did not lie within a city but more in popular support for independence. In addition, by not supporting the established planned, his actions ultimately contributed to the defeat in the Battle of Saratoga. This example not only exhibits how the British misunderstood the center of gravity but also shows the command and control issues the British had as well. Lack of Diplomatic Process Arguably the most significant factor in Britain’s demise was the failure to negotiate diplomatically from the onset of the conflict and routinely throughout. As the French and Indian War winded down, the British Empire was grand, very pompous and displayed signs of arrogance. This overconfidence contributed to why they didn’t show concern in addressing the needs of the American colonists more diplomatically. This allowed the colonist to shift their focus to complete independence and strengthen their resolve for a representative democracy. Had they better understood the American objections and drive, they could have taken a more proactive approach to amicably reach a consensus and the war may have been prevented. The Americans, on the other, knew the importance of diplomatic relationships. This was demonstrated with the alliances they built with France, Spain and the Netherlands. These relationships proved to be a vital piece of their strategy. The British Army had several advantages over the colonial forces; size, training, experience, financial support, etc. Through the international relations that were forged, America reaped many benefits of financial support, ammunitions, manpower and most importantly naval support. These relationships proved to be a decisive factor in the American victory. Conclusion Overall the British demise during the American Revolution can be attributed to several key areas; lack of a unified strategy, limited to no command and control, lack of synchronization among troops, government organizational structure, untimely and unresponsive decision making and ineffective supply chain management. In addition, the adopted naval strategy failed to establish an effective naval strategy to overpower French and Spanish forces thereby increasing difficulties on the battlefield. By not clearly understanding the nature war and never really defining an overarching objective, British leadership repeatedly encountered logistic and tactical challenges were proved to be fatal for their success. Bibliography Carpenter, NWC lecture Red Team: Britain and the American War for Independence Clausewitz, C. On War. Michael Howard and Peter Paret, eds. and trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. Mahan, A. T. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783. New York: Dover, 1987. â€Å"The Recruiting of the Army†. The Organization of the British Army in the American Revolution, Chapter 3. http://americanrevolution.org/britisharmy3.html.